![]() ![]() (19) Therefore, after the inflammation phase, fibroblasts residing within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of various connective tissues are key players in the synthesis and remodeling of the tissue. (18)ĭermal wound healing is mainly accomplished through the coordination of four phases: (1) hemostasis phase (2) inflammation phase (3) cell migration/proliferation and (4) remodeling phase. (17) Among these cell behaviors, cell migration is a key activity in numerous physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, immune surveillance, cancer metastasis, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. (2) It has been shown that stimuli such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, (3,4) (bio)chemical signals (5) (material composition, (6) soluble factors, (7) and growth factors (8)), and other physical features such as stiffness (9,10) and topography (11−13) can affect cell morphology, adhesion, migration, (14,15) proliferation, (16) and differentiation. (1) It is important to study the interaction between cells and the scaffold on which they reside because it provides an insight into the regeneration procedure and gives guidance principles for biomaterials design. The interaction between cells and their environment has been extensively investigated for several decades in the development of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches. ![]() These findings provide key insights into topography-triggered cell migration and indicate the necessity for better understanding of material-directed wound healing for designing bio-inductive biomaterials. The collective cell migration was found not to be influenced by altered cell proliferation. The overall behavior indicated that the wavelength and amplitude both play an important role in directing cell migration. This study also highlights the sensitivity of fibroblasts to the topographic orientation, with cells moving faster in the parallel direction of the topography. ![]() However, when the amplitudes were matched, cells migrated faster on a larger wavelength. Cell movement was guided by topographical properties, with a lower wrinkle wavelength (2 μm) eliciting the fastest migration speed, and the migration speed increased with decreasing amplitude. Furthermore, a method was developed to produce independently controlled wavelength and amplitude and study which parameter has greater influence. The wound coverage rate was measured on selected areas with wavelength sizes of 2, 5, and 8 μm in perpendicular and parallel orientations. We report on the design of a topographical gradient with wavelike features that gradually change in wavelength and amplitude, which provides an efficient platform for an in vitro wound healing assay to investigate fibroblast migration. However, little is known about the individual effects of topographic direction, structure repetition, and feature size of the substrate on which wound healing occurs. Biophysical stimuli including topography play a crucial role in the regulation of cell morphology, adhesion, migration, and cytoskeleton organization and have been known to be important in biomaterials design for tissue engineering. ![]()
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